grdview¶

Create 3-D perspective image or surface mesh from a grid

Synopsis¶

gmt grdview reliefgrid -Jparameters [ -B[p|s]parameters ] [ -C[cpt]] [ -Gdrapegrid | -Ggrd_r -Ggrd_g -Ggrd_b ] [ -I[intensgrid|intensity|modifiers] ] [ -Jz|Zparameters ] [ -N[level][+gfill] ] [ -Qargs[+m] ] [ -Rwest/east/south/north[/zmin/zmax][+r][+uunit] ] [ -Ssmooth ] [ -T[+o[pen]][+s] ] [ -U[stamp] ] [ -V[level] ] [ -Wc|m|fpen ] [ -X[a|c|f|r][xshift] ] [ -Y[a|c|f|r][yshift] ] [ -fflags ] [ -nflags ] [ -pflags ] [ -ttransp ] [ --PAR=value ]

Description¶

grdview reads a 2-D grid file and produces a 3-D perspective plot by drawing a mesh, painting a colored/gray-shaded surface made up of polygons, or by scanline conversion of these polygons to a raster image. Options include draping a data set on top of a surface, plotting of contours on top of the surface, and apply artificial illumination based on intensities provided in a separate grid file.

Required Arguments¶

reliefgrid: 2-D gridded data set to be imaged (the relief of the surface). (See Grid File Formats).

-Jparameters: Specify the projection. (See full description) (See cookbook summary) (See projections table).

Optional Arguments¶

-B[p|s]parameters: Set map boundary frame and axes attributes. (See full description) (See cookbook information).

-C[cpt|master[+h[hinge]][+izinc][+u|Uunit] |color1,color2[,color3,…]]: Name of a CPT file. Alternatively, supply the name of a GMT color master dynamic CPT [turbo, but we use geo for @earth_relief and srtm for @srtm_relief data] to automatically determine a continuous CPT from the grid’s z-range; you may round the range to the nearest multiple of zinc by adding +izinc. If given a GMT Master soft-hinge CPT (see Of Colors and Color Legends) then you can enable the hinge at data value hinge [0] via +h, whereas for hard-hinge CPTs you can adjust the location of the hinge [0]. For other CPTs, you may convert their z-values from meter to another distance unit (append +Uunit) or from another unit to meter (append +uunit), with unit taken from e|f|k|M|n|u. Yet another option is to specify -Ccolor1,color2[,color3,…] to build a linear continuous CPT from those colors automatically. In this case colorn can be a r/g/b triplet, a color name, or an HTML hexadecimal color (e.g. #aabbcc). If no argument is given to -C then under modern mode we select the current CPT.

-Gdrapegrid | -Ggrd_r -Ggrd_g -Ggrd_b: Drape the image in drapegrid on top of the relief provided by reliefgrid. [Default determines colors from reliefgrid]. Note that -Jz and -N always refers to the reliefgrid. The drapegrid only provides the information pertaining to colors, which (if drapegrid is a grid) will be looked-up via the CPT (see -C). Instead, you may give three grid files via separate -G options in the specified order. These files must contain the red, green, and blue colors directly (in 0-255 range) and no CPT is needed. The drapegrid may be of a different resolution than the reliefgrid. Finally, drapegrid may be an image to be draped over the surface, in which case the -C option is not required.

-I[intensgrid|intensity|modifiers]: Gives the name of a grid file with intensities in the (-1,+1) range, or a constant intensity to apply everywhere (affects the ambient light). Alternatively, derive an intensity grid from the input data grid reliefgrid via a call to grdgradient; append +aazimuth, +nargs, and +mambient to specify azimuth, intensity, and ambient arguments for that module, or just give +d to select the default arguments (+a-45+nt1+m0). If you want a more specific intensity scenario then run grdgradient separately first. If we should derive intensities from another file than reliefgrid, specify the file [Default is no illumination].

-Jz|Zparameters: Set z-axis scaling; same syntax as -Jx.

-N[level][+gfill]: Draws a plane at this z-level. If the optional color is provided via the +g modifier, and the projection is not oblique, the frontal facade between the plane and the data perimeter is colored. See -Wf for setting the pen used for the outline. If no level is set then we default to the minimum value in the reliefgrid. However, if -R was used to set zmin/zmax then we use that value if it is less than the grid minimum value.

-Qargs[+m]

Select one of following settings. For any of these choices, you may force a monochrome image by appending the modifier +m. Colors are then converted to shades of gray using the (monochrome television) YIQ transformation

Specify m for mesh plot [Default], and optionally append color for a different mesh paint [white].
Specify mx or my for waterfall plots (row or column profiles). Specify color as for plain m
Specify s for surface plot, and optionally append m to have mesh lines drawn on top of surface.
Specify i for image plot, and optionally append the effective dots-per-unit resolution for the rasterization [Default is GMT_GRAPHICS_DPU].
Specify c. Same as -Qi but will make nodes with z = NaN transparent, using the colormasking feature in PostScript Level 3 (the PS device must support PS Level 3).

Note: If the CPT is categorical then only -Qm is available (but see -T).

-Rxmin/xmax/ymin/ymax[+r][+uunit]: Specify the region of interest. (See full description) (See cookbook information).

For perspective view -p, optionally append /zmin/zmax. (more …) This option may be used to indicate the range used for the 3-D axes [Default is region given by the reliefgrid]. You may ask for a larger w/e/s/n region to have more room between the image and the axes. A smaller region than specified in the reliefgrid will result in a subset of the grid.

-Ssmooth: Smooth the contours before plotting (see grdcontour) [Default is no smoothing].

-T[+o[pen]][+s]: Plot image without any interpolation. This involves converting each node-centered bin into a polygon which is then painted separately. Append +s to skip nodes with z = NaN. This option is suitable for categorical data where interpolating between values is meaningless and a categorical CPT has been provided via -C. Optionally, append +o to draw the tile outlines, and specify a custom pen if the default pen is not to your liking. As this option produces a flat surface it cannot be combined with -JZ or -Jz.

-U[label|+c][+jjust][+odx[/dy]]: Draw GMT time stamp logo on plot. (See full description) (See cookbook information).

-V[level]: Select verbosity level [w]. (See full description) (See cookbook information).

-Wc|m|fpen

-Wc
Draw contour lines on top of surface or mesh (not image). Append pen attributes used for the contours. [Default: width = 0.75p, color = black, style = solid].

-Wm
Sets the pen attributes used for the mesh. [Default: width = 0.25p, color = black, style = solid]. You must also select -Qm or -Qsm for meshlines to be drawn.

-Wf
Sets the pen attributes used for the facade. [Default: width = 0.25p, color = black, style = solid]. You must also select -N for the facade outline to be drawn.

-X[a|c|f|r][xshift]: Shift plot origin. (See full description) (See cookbook information).

-Y[a|c|f|r][yshift]: Shift plot origin. (See full description) (See cookbook information).

-f[i|o]colinfo (more …): Specify data types of input and/or output columns.

-n[b|c|l|n][+a][+bBC][+c][+tthreshold] (more …): Select interpolation mode for grids.

-p[x|y|z]azim[/elev[/zlevel]][+wlon0/lat0[/z0]][+vx0/y0] (more …): Select perspective view.

-ttransp[/transp2] (more …): Set transparency level(s) in percent.

-^ or just -: Print a short message about the syntax of the command, then exit (Note: on Windows just use -).
-+ or just +: Print an extensive usage (help) message, including the explanation of any module-specific option (but not the GMT common options), then exit.
-? or no arguments: Print a complete usage (help) message, including the explanation of all options, then exit.
--PAR=value: Temporarily override a GMT default setting; repeatable. See gmt.conf for parameters.

Consequences of grid resampling¶

Except for Cartesian cases, we need to resample your geographic grid onto an equidistant projected grid. In doing so various algorithms come into play that projects data from one lattice to another while avoiding anti-aliasing, leading to possible distortions. One expected effect of resampling with splines is the tendency for the new resampled grid to slightly exceed the global min/max limits of the original grid. If this is coupled with tight CPT limits you may find that some map areas may show up with fore- or background color due to the resampling. In that case you have two options: (1) Modify your CPT to fit the resampled extrema (reported with -V) or (2) Impose clipping of resampled values so they do not exceed the input min/max values (add +c to your -n option). Note: If -n is not set and no CPT is given (or a master CPT is given or implied), we automatically set -nc+c.

Examples¶

Note: Below are some examples of valid syntax for this module. The examples that use remote files (file names starting with @) can be cut and pasted into your terminal for testing. Other commands requiring input files are just dummy examples of the types of uses that are common but cannot be run verbatim as written.

Note: Since many GMT plot examples are very short (i.e., one module call between the gmt begin and gmt end commands), we will often present them using the quick modern mode GMT Modern Mode One-line Commands syntax, which simplifies such short scripts.

To make a mesh plot from the file hawaii_grav.nc and drawing the contours given in the CPT hawaii.cpt on a Lambert map at 1.5 cm/degree along the standard parallels 18 and 24, with vertical scale 20 mgal/cm, and looking at the surface from SW at 30 degree elevation, run:

gmt grdview hawaii_grav.nc -Jl18/24/1.5c -Chawaii.cpt -Jz0.05c -Qm -N-100 -p225/30 -Wc -pdf hawaii_grav_image

To create an illuminated color perspective plot of the gridded data set image.nc, using the CPT color.cpt, with linear scaling at 10 cm/x-unit and tickmarks every 5 units, with intensities provided by the file intens.nc, and looking from the SE, use:

gmt grdview image.nc -Jx10c -Ccolor.cpt -Qs -p135/30 -Iintens.nc -pdf image3D

To make the same plot using the rastering option with dots-per-cm of 50, use:

gmt grdview image.nc -Jx10c -Ccolor.cpt -Qi50c -p135/30 -Iintens.nc -pdf image3D

To create a color perspective plot of the gridded data set magnetics.nc, using the CPT mag_intens.cpt, draped over the relief given by the file topography.nc, with Mercator map width of 6 inch and tickmarks every 1 degree, with intensities provided by the file topo_intens.nc, and looking from the SE, run:

gmt grdview topography.nc -JM6i -Gmagnetics.nc -Cmag_intens.cpt -Qs -p140/30 -Itopo_intens.nc -pdf draped3D

Notes¶

For the -Qs option: The PostScript language has no mechanism for smoothly varying colors within a polygon, so colors can only vary from polygon to polygon. To obtain smooth images this way you may resample the grid file(s) using grdsample or use a finer grid size when running gridding programs like surface or nearneighbor. Unfortunately, this produces huge PostScript files. The alternative is to use the -Qi option, which computes bilinear or bicubic continuous color variations within polygons by using scanline conversion to image the polygons.

MacOS Preview Warning¶

Low-resolution raster-images appearing in PDF or PostScript files may look blurry when viewed with the Preview application under macOS. This happens because Preview decides to resample very coarse (low dpi) images instead of leaving them alone; we do not know of a simple way to turn this feature off. It is most noticeable in color bars for discrete CPTs (we now use -Np as the default setting for such CPTs) and very small grids plotted in either grdimage or grdview -Qi|c. However, if a raster format (such as JPG or PNG) is selected instead then here is no such blurring. Other PDF viewers (e.g., Adobe Acrobat) do not seem similarly affected.