ps2raster − Converts one or several PostScript file(s) to other formats using GhostScript
ps2raster psfile(s) [ −A[u|-] ] [ −Cgs_option ] [ −Doutdir ] [ −Eresolution ] [ −Gghost_path ] [ −Llistfile ] [ −P ] [ −Q[g|t][1|2|4] ] [ −S ] [ −Tb|e|f|j|g|G|m|t ] [ −V ] [ −W[+g][+tdocname][+nlayername][+aaltmode[alt]][+lminLOD/maxLOD][+fminfade/maxfade][+uURL] ]
ps2raster
converts one or more PostScript files to other
formats (BMP, EPS, JPEG, PDF, PNG, PPM, TIFF) using
GhostScript. Input file names are read from the command line
or from a file that lists them. The size of the resulting
images is determined by the BoundingBox (or
HiResBoundingBox, if present). As an option, a tight
(HiRes)BoundingBox may be computed first. As another option,
it can compute ESRI type world files used to reference, for
instance, tif files and make them be recognized as geotiff.
psfiles
Names of PostScript files to be converted. The output files will have the same name (unless −F is used) but with the conventional extension name associated to the raster format (e.g., .jpg for the jpeg format). Use −D to redirect the output to a different directory.
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−A |
Adjust the BoundingBox and HiResBoundingBox to the minimum required by the image content. Append u to first remove any GMT-produced time-stamps. Use −A- to override any automatic setting of −A by −W. |
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−C |
Specify a single, custom option that will be passed on to GhostScript as is. Repeat to add several options [none]. |
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−D |
Sets an alternative output directory (which must exist) [Default is the same directory as the PS files]. Use −D. to place the output in the current directory instead. |
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−E |
Set raster resolution in dpi [default = 720 for PDF, 300 for others]. |
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−F |
Force the output file name. By default output names are constructed using the input names as base, which are appended with an appropriate extension. Use this option to provide a different name, but without extension. Extension is still determined automatically. |
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−G |
Full path to your GhostScript executable. NOTE: For Unix systems this is generally not necessary. Under Windows, ghostscript path is now fetch from the registry. If this fails you can still add the GS path to system’s path or give the full path here. (e.g., −G c:\programs\gs\gs9.02\bin\gswin32c). WARNING: because of the poor decision of embedding the bits on the gs exe name we cannot satisfy both the 32 and 64 bits ghostscript executable names. So in case of ’get from registry’ failure the default name (when no −G is used) is the one of the 64 bits version, or gswin32c |
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−L |
The listfile is an ASCII file with the names of the PostScript files to be converted. |
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−N |
This option is obsolete. Use −S to print the GhostScript command, if applicable. Use −Te to save the intermediate EPS file. |
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−P |
Force Portrait mode. All Landscape mode plots will be rotated back so that they show unrotated in Portrait mode. This is practical when converting to image formats or preparing EPS or PDF plots for inclusion in documents. |
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−Q |
Set the anti-aliasing options for graphics or text. Append the size of the subsample box (1, 2, or 4) [4]. Default is no anti-aliasing (same as bits = 1). |
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−S |
Print to standard output the GhostScript command after it has been executed. |
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−T |
Sets the output format, where b means BMP, e means EPS, f means PDF, j means JPEG, g means PNG, G means transparent PNG (untouched regions are transparent), m means PPM, and t means TIFF [default is JPEG]. For bjgt you can append - to get a grayscale image only. The EPS format can be combined with any of the other formats. For example, −Tef creates both an EPS and a PDF file. |
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−V |
Selects verbose mode, which will send progress reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"]. |
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−W |
Write a ESRI type world file suitable to make (e.g) .tif files be recognized as geotiff by softwares that know how to do it. Be aware, however, that different results are obtained depending on the image contents and if the −B option has been used or not. The trouble with the −B option is that it creates a frame and very likely its annotations. That introduces pixels outside the map data extent, and therefore the map extents estimation will be wrong. To avoid this problem use --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside option which plots all annotations and ticks inside the image and therefore does not compromise the coordinate computations. Pay attention also to the cases when the plot has any of the sides with whites only because than the algorithm will fail miserably as those whites will be eaten by the GhostScript. In that case you really must use −B or use a slightly off-white color. |
Together with −V
it prints on screen the gdal_translate (gdal_translate is a
command line tool from the GDAL package) command that reads
the raster + world file and creates a true geotiff file. Use
−W+g to do a system call to gdal_translate and
create a geoTIFF image right away. The output file will have
a .tiff extension.
The world file naming follows the convention of jamming a
’w’ in the file extension. So, if output is tif
−Tt the world file is a .tfw, for jpeg we have
a .jgw and so on. This option automatically sets −A
−P.
Use −W+k to create a minimalist KML file that
allows loading the image in GoogleEarth. Note that for this
option the image must be in geographical coordinates. If
not, a warning is issued but the KML file is created anyway.
Several modifier options are available to customize the KML
file in the form of +opt strings. Append
+ttitle to set the document title [GMT KML
Document], +nlayername to set the layer name,
and +a/altmode[altitude] to select one
of 5 altitude modes recognized by Google Earth that
determines the altitude (in m) of the image: G
clamped to the ground, g append altitude relative to
ground, a append absolute altitude, s append
altitude relative to seafloor, and S clamp it to the
seafloor. Control visibility of the layer with the
+lminLOD/maxLOD and
+fminfade/maxfade options. FInally, if you
plan to leave the image itself on a server and only
distribute the KML, use +uURL to prepend the
URL to the image reference. See the KML documentation for
further explanation
(http://code.google.com/apis/kml/documentation/).
Further notes on the creation of georeferenced rasters.
ps2raster can create a georeferenced raster image
with a world file OR uses GDAL to convert the GMT
PostScript file to geotiff. GDAL uses Proj.4 for
it’s projection library. To provide with the
information it needs to do the georeferencing, GMT 4.5
embeds a comment near the start of the PostScript
file defining the projection using Proj.4 syntax. Users with
pre-GMT v4.5 PostScript files, or even non-GMT ps
files, can provide the information ps2raster requires
by manually editing a line into the PostScript file,
prefixed with %%PROJ.
For example the command pscoast −JM0/12c
−R-10/-4/37/43 −W1 −Di
−Bg30m --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > cara.ps
adds this comment line
%%PROJ: merc -10.0 -4.0 37.0 43.0 -1113194.908 -445277.963
4413389.889 5282821.824 +proj=merc +lon_0=0 +k=-1 +x_0=0
+y_0=0 +a=6378137.0 +b=6356752.314245
where ’merc’ is the keyword for the coordinate
conversion; the 2 to 5th elements contain the map limits, 6
to 9th the map limits in projected coordinates and the rest
of the line has the regular proj4 string for this
projection.
The conversion to raster images (BMP, JPEG, PNG, PPM or TIFF) inherently results in loss of details that are available in the original PostScript file. Choose a resolution that is large enough for the application that the image will be used for. For web pages, smaller dpi values suffice, for Word documents and PowerPoint presentations a higher dpi value is recommended. ps2raster uses the loss-less Flate compression technique when creating JPEG, PNG and TIFF images.
EPS is a vector, not a raster format. Therefore, the -E option has no effect on the creation of EPS files. Using the option −Te will remove PageSize commands from the PostScript file and will adjust the BoundingBox when the −A option is used. Note the original and required BoundingBox is limited to integer points, hence Adobe added the optional HiResBoundingBox to add more precision in sizing. The −A option calculates both and writes both to the EPS file used in the rasterization (and output if −Te is set).
Although PDF is also a vector format, the −E option has an effect on the resolution of pattern fills and fonts that are stored as bitmaps in the document. ps2raster therefore uses a larger default resolution when creating PDF files. −E also determines the resolution of the boundingbox values used to indicate the size of the output PDF. In order to obtain high-quality PDF files, the /prepress options are in effect, allowing only loss-less Flate compression of raster images embedded in the PostScript file.
Although ps2raster was developed as part of the GMT, it can be used to convert PostScript files created by nearly any graphics program. However, −Au is GMT-specific.
See Appendix C of the GMT Technical Reference and Cookbook for more information on how ps2raster is used to produce graphics that can be inserted into other documents (articles, presentations, posters, etc.).
To convert the file psfile.ps to PNG using a tight BoundingBox and rotating it back to normal orientation in case it was in Landscape mode:
ps2raster psfile.ps −A −P −Tg
To create a simple linear map with pscoast and convert it to tif with a .tfw the tight BoundingBox computation.
pscoast −JX12cd −R-10/-4/37/43 −W1 −Di −Bg30m −P −G200 --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > cara.ps
ps2raster cara −Tt −W
To create a Mercator version of the above example and use GDAL to produce a true geotiff file.
pscoast −JM0/12c −R-10/-4/37/43 −W1 −Di −Bg30m −P −G200 --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > cara.ps
gdalwarp -s_srs +proj=merc cara.tif carageo.tiff
To create a Polar Stereographic geotiff file of Patagonia
pscoast -JS-55/-60/15c -R-77/-55/-57.5/-48r -Di -Gred -P -Bg2 --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > patagonia.ps
ps2raster patagonia.ps -Tt -W+g -V
To create a simple KMZ file for use in Google Earth, try
grdimage lonlatgrid.nc -Jx1 -Ccolors.cpt -P -B0g2 --BASEMAP_TYPE=inside > tile.ps
ps2raster tile.ps -Tg -W+k+t"my title"+l256/-1 -V
(These commands assume that GhostScript can be found in your system’s path.)
GMT programs can produce binary PostScript image data and this is determined by the default setting PS_IMAGE_FORMAT. Because ps2raster needs to process the input files on a line-by-line basis you need to make sure the image format is set to ascii and not bin.
Most of the conversions done in ps2raster are handled by GhostScript. On most Unixes this program is available as gs; for Windows there is a version called gswin32c. GhostScript accepts a rich selection of command-line options that modify its behavior. Many of these are set indirectly by the options available above. However, hard-core usage may require some users to add additional options to fine-tune the result. Use −S to examine the actual command used, and add custom options via one or more instances of the −C option. For instance, to turn on image interpolation for all images, improving image quality for scaled images at the expense of speed, use −C-dDOINTERPOLATE. See www.ghostscript.com for complete documentation.
GMT(1), gs(1)